Andy Lam is a Senior Associate in the Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Practice at Exponent. Dr. Lam supports government agencies and private-sector clients with work involving smartcard communications, reliability, RF testing, PCBA failure analysis, and hardware security. He and his team perform multidisciplinary penetration testing and chip-level security analyses. These capabilities are actively expanding, and they may be employed to uncover and assess vulnerabilities within smartcards, IoT devices, and other embedded systems where operational security and data privacy are prioritized.